Body Image and Quality of Life Predict Success in a 12-Month Weight Control Program
Rita Tomás, Pedro J. Teixeira, Marlene N. Silva, Paulo N. Vieira, Teresa Santos, Claúdia S. Minderico, Margarida M. Castro, Sílvia Coutinho, Miguel Marcelino, Eliana Carraça, Luís B. Sardinha
Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
PURPOSE:Moderators of outcomes should be investigated, to identify weight management participants with a better chance of success, to whom resources would be more adequately allocated. The main purpose of this study was to identify baseline psychological and behavioural predictors of success in obesity treatment and identify differences between successful and unsuccessful participants in a weight control program.
METHODS:A total of 138 premenopausal women that participated in a 12-month weight control program were analyzed (age: 38.1±7 y; BMI: 31.9±4.3 kg/m2). The weight control program was cognitive-behavioral in nature, based on regular group meetings.2 to encourage progressive changes in lifestyle in domains such as eating habits and physical activity. Subjects were assessed at baseline for weight and psychological variables and body weight was also measured at the end of the intervention. Success was defined as losing 5% or more of body weight. Unsuccessful women were those who lost less than 2% of body weight or who gained weight.
RESULTS:Off all participants, 16 did not complete the program (attrition, 12%). Non-completion was associated more stringent outcome expectations (p=0.043), higher score in the Beck Depression Inventory (p=0.042), higher self-motivation (p=0.016) and higher impact of weight in quality of life (IWQoL) in self-esteem, a tendency for overall lower quality of life (p=0.064), and higher levels of trait anxiety (p=0.117). Weight reduction was correlated with better body image (rho=0.19; p=0.026) and lower IWQoL in the self-esteem domain (rho=-0.176; p=0.039). Successful losers had lower self-esteem IWQoL (p=0.003), better body image (p=0.005), lower outcome expectations (p=0.072), and fewer previous diet attempts, compared to unsuccessful participants.
CONCLUSIONS:Psychological variables such as body image, quality of life, and weight loss expectations may me useful to predict success and dropout in weight control programs. These data could also be useful to identify readiness levels for weight loss and to baseline-screen individuals matching them to interventions that better suit their characteristics.
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